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American Homes 4 Rent Reports Third Quarter 2022 Financial and Operating Results

American Homes 4 Rent Reports Third Quarter 2022 Financial and Operating Results

By AP News
Published - Nov 03, 2022, 09:06 PM ET
Last Updated - Jun 23, 2023, 07:51 PM EDT

Supports Hurricane Ian Recovery and Clean-Up Efforts Throughout Our Impacted Communities

LAS VEGAS, Nov. 3, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- American Homes 4 Rent (NYSE: AMH) (the "Company"), a leading provider of high-quality single-family homes for rent, today announced its financial and operating results for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

Highlights

  • Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 15.3% year-over-year to $391.6 million for the third quarter of 2022.
  • Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $50.7 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $36.9 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2021.
  • Core Funds from Operations ("Core FFO") attributable to common share and unit holders increased 11.6% year-over-year to $0.39 per FFO share and unit for the third quarter of 2022 and Adjusted Funds from Operations ("Adjusted FFO") attributable to common share and unit holders increased 9.8% year-over-year to $0.33 per FFO share and unit for the third quarter of 2022.
  • Core Net Operating Income ("Core NOI") from Same-Home properties increased by 9.3% year-over-year for the third quarter of 2022.
  • Achieved Same-Home Average Occupied Days Percentage of 97.1% in the third quarter of 2022, while generating 12.5% rate growth on new leases.
  • Delivered a total of 501 high-quality and energy efficient newly constructed homes from our AMH Development program to our wholly-owned portfolio and unconsolidated joint ventures in the third quarter of 2022.
  • Hurricane Ian impacted certain properties in our Florida and Carolinas markets, resulting in net hurricane-related charges of $6.1 million during the quarter, which have been excluded from Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and our total and Same-Home operating results (see Hurricane Update).
  • Supported Hurricane Ian recovery and clean-up efforts, including employee volunteerism and corporate donations to the American Red Cross and other nonprofit organizations.
  • Revised Full Year 2022 Guidance to reflect higher than expected property tax growth in the state of Texas (see 2022 Guidance section).

"We are extending our thoughts to all those impacted by Hurricane Ian and thank our teams for their hard work to ensure safety for both our residents and team members," stated David Singelyn, Chief Executive Officer of American Homes 4 Rent. "Demand for single-family rental homes continues to remain strong relative to pre-pandemic levels. In addition, our differentiated internal development program provides a multi-year runway of attractive growth. Looking ahead, American Homes 4 Rent is well-positioned, through its diversified portfolio footprint and scalable operating platform, to take advantage of the likely opportunities arising from the economic uncertainty and disruption the country is experiencing today."

Third Quarter 2022 Financial Results

Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $50.7 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $36.9 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2021. This increase was primarily due to a larger number of occupied properties associated with growth in the Company's portfolio, higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents, as well as higher net gains on property sales, partially offset by $6.1 million of hurricane-related charges, net in the third quarter of 2022.

Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 15.3% to $391.6 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $339.6 million for the third quarter of 2021. Revenue growth was driven by an increase in our average occupied portfolio which grew to 55,321 homes for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 52,889 homes for the third quarter of 2021, as well as higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents.

Core NOI from our total portfolio increased 16.5% to $210.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $181.0 million for the third quarter of 2021. This growth was driven by a 14.9% increase in core revenues resulting from a larger number of occupied properties, higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents, partially offset by a 12.2% increase in core property operating expenses.

For the Company's Same-Home portfolio, rents from single-family properties increased 7.7% to $268.9 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $249.8 million for the third quarter of 2021, which was driven by an 8.1% increase in Average Monthly Realized Rent per property, partially offset by a 30 basis point decrease in Average Occupied Days Percentage. This growth was further benefited by approximately (i) 20 basis points of contribution from higher fees and (ii) 20 basis points from lower uncollectible rents, which resulted in 8.1% growth in core revenues from Same-Home properties. Core property operating expenses from Same-Home properties increased 6.1% to $96.4 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $90.8 million for the third quarter of 2021. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 9.3% to $175.2 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $160.3 million for the third quarter of 2021.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $155.2 million, or $0.39 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $131.0 million, or $0.35 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2021. Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $132.1 million, or $0.33 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2022, compared to $113.3 million, or $0.30 per FFO share and unit, for the third quarter of 2021. These improvements were primarily attributable to a larger number of occupied properties associated with growth in the Company's portfolio, higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents.

Year-to-Date 2022 Financial Results

Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $163.2 million, or $0.47 per diluted share, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $87.2 million, or $0.27 per diluted share, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. This increase was primarily due to a larger number of occupied properties associated with growth in the Company's portfolio, higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents, as well as higher net gains on property sales and lower financing costs and noncash charges resulting from the redemptions of our Series F perpetual preferred shares in the second quarter of 2022 and our Series D and Series E perpetual preferred shares in the second quarter of 2021, partially offset by $6.1 million of hurricane-related charges, net in the third quarter of 2022.

Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 14.9% to $1.1 billion for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $965.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. Revenue growth was driven by an increase in our average occupied portfolio which grew to 54,658 homes for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to 52,269 homes for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, as well as higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents.

Core NOI from our total portfolio increased 16.3% to $613.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $527.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. This growth was driven by a 14.8% increase in core revenues resulting from a larger number of occupied properties, higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents, partially offset by a 12.3% increase in core property operating expenses.

For the Company's Same-Home portfolio, rents from single-family properties increased 7.7% to $790.6 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $734.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, which was driven by a 7.9% increase in Average Monthly Realized Rent per property, partially offset by a 20 basis point decrease in Average Occupied Days Percentage. This growth was further benefited by approximately (i) 20 basis points of contribution from higher fees and (ii) 100 basis points from lower uncollectible rents, which resulted in 8.9% growth in core revenues from Same-Home properties. Core property operating expenses from Same-Home properties increased 6.4% to $277.3 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $260.6 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 10.2% to $521.2 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $472.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $458.3 million, or $1.15 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $370.7 million, or $0.99 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $406.8 million, or $1.02 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2022, compared to $328.3 million, or $0.88 per FFO share and unit, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. These improvements were primarily attributable to a larger number of occupied properties associated with growth in the Company's portfolio, higher rental rates and lower uncollectible rents, as well as lower financing costs resulting from the redemptions of our Series F perpetual preferred shares in the second quarter of 2022 and our Series D and Series E perpetual preferred shares in the second quarter of 2021.

Portfolio

Average Occupied Days Percentage was 95.7% for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 96.0% for the second quarter of 2022.

Investments

As of September 30, 2022, the Company's wholly-owned portfolio consisted of 58,961 homes, compared to 58,715 homes as of June 30, 2022, an increase of 246 homes during the third quarter of 2022, which included 265 newly constructed homes delivered through our AMH Development Program and 145 homes acquired through our National Builder Program and traditional acquisition channel, partially offset by 164 homes sold to third parties. During the third quarter of 2022, we also developed an additional 236 newly constructed properties which were delivered to our unconsolidated joint ventures, aggregating to 501 total program deliveries through our AMH Development Program. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had 1,057 properties held for sale and 2,271 properties held in unconsolidated joint ventures.

Capital Activities, Balance Sheet and Liquidity

In September 2022, the Company issued and physically settled 5,000,000 Class A common shares under the January 2022 forward sale agreements, receiving net proceeds of $185.6 million. As of September 30, 2022, 8,000,000 Class A common shares remained available for future settlement under the January 2022 forward sale agreements.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $97.2 million and had total outstanding debt of $4.5 billion, excluding unamortized discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs, with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.0% and a weighted-average term to maturity of 12.6 years. The Company had no outstanding borrowings on its $1.25 billion revolving credit facility and had estimated net proceeds of $297.1 million available from future settlement under the January 2022 forward sale agreements at the end of the quarter. Additionally, the Company has no debt maturities, other than recurring principal amortization, until 2024. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company generated $59.8 million of Retained Cash Flow (defined below) and sold 164 properties generating $49.4 million of net proceeds.

Sustainability Update

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company continued to make great progress across its sustainability programs. In particular, we are evaluating science-based targets and energy efficient solutions, as well as formulating action plans that will serve as a guidepost to achieving net zero carbon emissions over time. Additionally, to date, we have installed solar on amenity centers and begun pioneering our first build to rent community with solar improvements on all homes.

Hurricane Update

Hurricane Ian impacted certain properties in our Florida and Carolinas markets during the third quarter of 2022. The Company's property and casualty insurance policies provide coverage for wind and flood damage, as well as business interruption costs, during the period of remediation and repairs, subject to deductibles and limits. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company recorded a $6.1 million net hurricane-related charge, consisting of the Company's $1.2 million insurance deductible and a $4.9 million estimated accrual for additional minor repair and remediation costs on properties not subject to the Company's insurance claim.

Net hurricane-related charges recorded in the third quarter of 2022 have been excluded from Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and our total and Same-Home operating results.

2022 Guidance


Full Year 2022


Previous Guidance


Current Guidance

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$1.54 - $1.58


$1.52 - $1.56

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth

13.2% - 16.2%


11.8% - 14.7%





Same-Home




Core revenues growth

7.75% - 9.25%


8.00% - 9.00%

Core property operating expenses growth

4.75% - 6.75%


7.00% - 8.50%

Core NOI growth

9.25% - 10.75%


8.25% - 9.75%


Full Year 2022


Previous Guidance


Current Guidance

Investment Program

Properties


Investment


Properties


Investment

Wholly owned acquisitions

1,500 - 1,900


$600 - $800 million


1,500 - 1,800


$600 - $700 million

Wholly owned development deliveries

1,300 - 1,500


$400 - $500 million


1,275 - 1,325


$400 - $500 million

Wholly owned land and development pipeline


$300 - $400 million



$250 - $350 million

Pro rata share of JV and Property Enhancing Capex


$100 million



$100 million

Total capital investment (wholly owned and pro rata JV)

2,800 - 3,400


$1.4 - $1.8 billion


2,800 - 3,100


$1.35 - $1.65 billion

Total gross capital investment (JVs at 100%)

3,700 - 4,300


$1.5 - $2.0 billion


3,600 - 4,000


$1.45 - $1.85 billion

Full Year 2022 Guidance Commentary:

Operating Outlook:

  • Same-Home core revenues growth outlook remains unchanged, as the Company's portfolio continues to experience seasonally strong demand relative to pre-pandemic levels.
  • Excluding property taxes, Same-Home core operating expense growth outlook remains unchanged.
  • Including property taxes, the midpoint of Same-Home core operating expense growth has been increased by 200 basis points to reflect higher than expected property tax growth in the state of Texas. Despite passing the Texas Property Tax Reform and Transparency Act of 2019, which caps annual property tax revenue growth at 3.5% or below, recently available information now suggests wide divergence of increases between asset classes in 2022. As a result of this preliminary data, we now expect property taxes within our Texas portfolio to increase by over 20% this year. This estimate will be adjusted as actual tax bills are received throughout the remainder of the year.
  • As a result of the increased 2022 property tax outlook, the midpoint of our full year Same-Home Core NOI growth outlook has been lowered by 100 basis points, resulting in a ($0.02) impact to Core FFO per share.

Investment Program:

  • Development deliveries reflect modest reduction due to hurricane-related delays in certain Florida development projects. Additionally, the Company continues to execute on its moderated acquisition program and has modestly lowered property and land acquisition expectations, which are not expected to have a material impact on 2022 Full Year Core FFO per share.

Note: The Company does not provide guidance for the most comparable GAAP financial measures of net income or loss, total revenues and property operating expenses, or a reconciliation of the above-listed forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures because we are unable to reasonably predict certain items contained in the GAAP measures, including non-recurring and infrequent items that are not indicative of the Company's ongoing operations. Such items include, but are not limited to, net gain or loss on sales and impairment of single-family properties, casualty loss, Non-Same-Home revenues and Non-Same-Home property operating expenses. These items are uncertain, depend on various factors and could have a material impact on our GAAP results for the guidance period.

Additional Information

A copy of the Company's Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package and this press release are available on our website at www.americanhomes4rent.com. This information has also been furnished to the SEC in a current report on Form 8-K.

Conference Call

A conference call is scheduled on Friday, November 4, 2022 at 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss the Company's financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 and to provide an update on its business. The domestic dial-in number is (877) 451-6152 (U.S. and Canada) and the international dial-in number is (201) 389-0879 (passcode not required). A simultaneous audio webcast may be accessed by using the link at www.americanhomes4rent.com, under "Investor relations." A replay of the conference call may be accessed through Friday, November 18, 2022 by calling (844) 512-2921 (U.S. and Canada) or (412) 317-6671 (international), replay passcode number 13733209#, or by using the link at www.americanhomes4rent.com, under "Investor relations."

About American Homes 4 Rent

American Homes 4 Rent (NYSE: AMH) is a leading single-family property owner, leasing operator, and build-to-rent developer. Recent achievements include being named one of the 2022 Best Workplaces in Real Estate™ by Fortune, a 2022 Great Place to Work®, a 2022 Top U.S. Homebuilder by Builder100, one of America's Most Responsible Companies 2022 and America's Most Trusted Companies 2022 by Newsweek and Statista, and a Top ESG Regional Performer by Sustainalytics. We are an internally managed Maryland real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on acquiring, developing, renovating, leasing, and managing homes as rental properties. As of September 30, 2022, we owned 58,961 single-family properties in the Southeast, Midwest, Southwest and Mountain West regions of the United States. Additional information about American Homes 4 Rent is available on our website at www.americanhomes4rent.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release and the accompanying Supplemental Information Package contain "forward-looking statements." These forward-looking statements relate to beliefs, expectations or intentions and similar statements concerning matters that are not of historical fact and are generally accompanied by words such as "estimate," "project," "predict," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "potential," "plan," "goal," "outlook," "guidance" or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Examples of forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, among others, our 2022 Guidance, our belief that our acquisition and homebuilding programs will result in continued growth and the estimated timing of our development deliveries set forth in the Supplemental Information Package. The Company has based these forward-looking statements on its current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the Company's management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company's control and could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to conform to actual results or changes in its expectations, unless required by applicable law. For a further description of the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, as well as risks relating to the business of the Company in general, see the "Risk Factors" disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and in the Company's subsequent filings with the SEC.

American Homes 4 Rent

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)



September 30, 2022


December 31, 2021


(Unaudited)



Assets




Single-family properties:




Land

$ 2,190,724


$ 2,062,039

Buildings and improvements

10,024,700


9,258,387

Single-family properties in operation

12,215,424


11,320,426

Less: accumulated depreciation

(2,310,014)


(2,072,933)

Single-family properties in operation, net

9,905,410


9,247,493

Single-family properties under development and development land

1,123,183


882,159

Single-family properties held for sale, net

189,991


114,907

Total real estate assets, net

11,218,584


10,244,559

Cash and cash equivalents

97,244


48,198

Restricted cash

160,476


143,569

Rent and other receivables

50,395


41,587

Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets

315,789


216,625

Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures

110,409


121,950

Asset-backed securitization certificates

25,666


25,666

Goodwill

120,279


120,279

Total assets

$ 12,098,842


$ 10,962,433





Liabilities




Revolving credit facility

$ —


$ 350,000

Asset-backed securitizations, net

1,895,269


1,908,346

Unsecured senior notes, net

2,493,898


1,622,132

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

567,240


343,526

Total liabilities

4,956,407


4,224,004





Commitments and contingencies








Equity




Shareholders' equity:




Class A common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 352,809,460 and
337,362,716 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)

3,528


3,374

Class B common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 635,075 shares issued
and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)

6


6

Preferred shares ($0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 9,200,000 and 15,400,000
shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)

92


154

Additional paid-in capital

6,926,629


6,492,933

Accumulated deficit

(464,444)


(438,710)

Accumulated other comprehensive income

1,455


1,814

Total shareholders' equity

6,467,266


6,059,571

Noncontrolling interest

675,169


678,858

Total equity

7,142,435


6,738,429





Total liabilities and equity

$ 12,098,842


$ 10,962,433

American Homes 4 Rent

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)



For the Three Months Ended
September 30,


For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,


2022


2021


2022


2021

Rents and other single-family property revenues

$ 391,627


$ 339,563


$ 1,109,608


$ 965,790









Expenses:








Property operating expenses

152,065


134,694


414,978


369,966

Property management expenses

29,739


24,562


84,541


70,677

General and administrative expense

16,986


12,647


53,115


40,645

Interest expense

36,254


31,097


98,622


86,630

Acquisition and other transaction costs

4,482


3,279


18,114


11,093

Depreciation and amortization

109,319


94,494


313,688


275,682

Hurricane-related charges, net

6,133



6,133


Total expenses

354,978


300,773


989,191


854,693









Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net

24,197


9,572


79,052


36,401

Other income and expense, net

819


139


6,765


1,738









Net income

61,665


48,501


206,234


149,236









Noncontrolling interest

7,464


5,869


24,119


14,012

Dividends on preferred shares

3,486


5,763


13,595


32,160

Redemption of perpetual preferred shares



5,276


15,879









Net income attributable to common shareholders

$ 50,715


$ 36,869


$ 163,244


$ 87,185









Weighted-average common shares outstanding:








Basic

348,944,055


324,002,538


347,730,579


320,267,903

Diluted

349,344,541


326,206,423


348,282,995


321,879,235









Net income attributable to common shareholders per share:








Basic

$ 0.14


$ 0.11


$ 0.47


$ 0.27

Diluted

$ 0.14


$ 0.11


$ 0.47


$ 0.27

Defined Terms

Average Monthly Realized Rent
For the related period, Average Monthly Realized Rent is calculated as the lease component of rents and other single-family property revenues (i.e., rents from single-family properties) divided by the product of (a) number of properties and (b) Average Occupied Days Percentage, divided by the number of months. For properties partially owned during the period, this calculation is adjusted to reflect the number of days of ownership.

Average Occupied Days Percentage
The number of days a property is occupied in the period divided by the total number of days the property is owned during the same period after initially being placed in-service. This calculation excludes properties classified as held for sale.

Occupied Property
A property is classified as occupied upon commencement (i.e., start date) of a lease agreement, which can occur contemporaneously with or subsequent to execution (i.e., signature).

Recurring Capital Expenditures
For our Same-Home portfolio, Recurring Capital Expenditures includes replacement costs and other capital expenditures recorded during the period that are necessary to help preserve the value and maintain functionality of our properties. For our total portfolio, we calculate Recurring Capital Expenditures by multiplying (a) current period actual Recurring Capital Expenditures per Same-Home property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.

Same-Home Property
A property is classified as Same-Home if it has been stabilized longer than 90 days prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented under comparison. A property is removed from Same-Home if it has been classified as held for sale or has experienced a casualty loss.

Stabilized Property
A property acquired individually (i.e., not through a bulk purchase) is classified as stabilized once it has been renovated by the Company or newly constructed and then initially leased or available for rent for a period greater than 90 days. Properties acquired through a bulk purchase are first considered non-stabilized, as an entire group, until (1) we have owned them for an adequate period of time to allow for complete on-boarding to our operating platform, and (2) a substantial portion of the properties have experienced tenant turnover at least once under our ownership, providing the opportunity for renovations and improvements to meet our property standards. After such time has passed, properties acquired through a bulk purchase are then evaluated on an individual property basis under our standard stabilization criteria.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This press release and the Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package include Funds from Operations attributable to common share and unit holders ("FFO attributable to common share and unit holders"), Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Retained Cash Flow, Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI, which are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these measures are helpful in understanding our financial performance and are widely used in the REIT industry. Because other REITs may not compute these financial measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs. In addition, these metrics are not substitutes for net income or loss or net cash flows from operating activities, as defined by GAAP, as measures of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in this press release and in the Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package.

Funds from Operations attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow

FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate in accordance with the definition approved by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, which defines FFO as net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains and losses from sales or impairment of real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs and depreciation of non-real estate assets), and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute this metric by adjusting FFO attributable to common share and unit holders for (1) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (2) noncash share-based compensation expense, (3) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, (4) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt and (5) the allocation of income to our perpetual preferred shares in connection with their redemption.

Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute this metric by adjusting Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders for (1) Recurring Capital Expenditures that are necessary to help preserve the value and maintain functionality of our properties and (2) capitalized leasing costs incurred during the period. As a portion of our homes are recently developed, acquired and/or renovated, we estimate Recurring Capital Expenditures for our entire portfolio by multiplying (a) current period actual Recurring Capital Expenditures per Same-Home Property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.

We present FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, as well as on a per FFO share and unit basis, because we consider this metric to be an important measure of the performance of real estate companies, as do many investors and analysts in evaluating the Company. We believe that FFO attributable to common share and unit holders provides useful information to investors because this metric excludes depreciation, which is included in computing net income and assumes the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time. We believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions and in response to inflation. We also believe that Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, as well as on a per FFO share and unit basis, provide useful information to investors because they allow investors to compare our operating performance to prior reporting periods without the effect of certain items that, by nature, are not comparable from period to period.

FFO shares and units include weighted-average common shares and operating partnership units outstanding, as well as potentially dilutive securities.

Retained Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is helpful as a supplemental measure in assessing the Company's liquidity. This metric is computed by reducing Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders by common distributions.

FFO, Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow are not substitutes for net income or net cash provided by operating activities, each as determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. These metrics also are not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs. Because other REITs may not compute these measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs.

The following is a reconciliation of net income or loss attributable to common shareholders to FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands, except share and per share data):


For the Three Months Ended
September 30,


For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,


2022


2021


2022


2021


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Net income attributable to common shareholders

$ 50,715


$ 36,869


$ 163,244


$ 87,185

Adjustments:








Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership

7,464


5,869


24,119


14,012

Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net

(24,197)


(9,572)


(79,052)


(36,401)

Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures

448


723


(122)


1,554

Depreciation and amortization

109,319


94,494


313,688


275,682

Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets

(3,543)


(2,894)


(9,648)


(8,287)

FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$ 140,206


$ 125,489


$ 412,229


$ 333,745

Adjustments:








Acquisition, other transaction costs and other

4,482


3,279


18,114


11,093

Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative

3,390


1,557


13,352


7,722

Noncash share-based compensation - property management

1,015


680


3,146


2,278

Hurricane-related charges, net

6,133



6,133


Redemption of perpetual preferred shares



5,276


15,879

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$ 155,226


$ 131,005


$ 458,250


$ 370,717

Recurring Capital Expenditures

(22,479)


(16,921)


(49,616)


(39,789)

Leasing costs

(689)


(792)


(1,868)


(2,672)

Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$ 132,058


$ 113,292


$ 406,766


$ 328,256

Common distributions

(72,252)


(37,551)


(216,722)


(112,059)

Retained Cash Flow

$ 59,806


$ 75,741


$ 190,044


$ 216,197









Per FFO share and unit:








FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$ 0.35


$ 0.33


$ 1.03


$ 0.89

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$ 0.39


$ 0.35


$ 1.15


$ 0.99

Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

$ 0.33


$ 0.30


$ 1.02


$ 0.88









Weighted-average FFO shares and units:








Common shares outstanding

348,944,055


324,002,538


347,730,579


320,267,903

Share-based compensation plan and forward sale equity contracts (1)

840,009


2,579,441


984,215


1,927,006

Operating partnership units

51,376,980


51,376,980


51,376,980


51,471,852

Total weighted-average FFO shares and units

401,161,044


377,958,959


400,091,774


373,666,761



(1)

Reflects the effect of potentially dilutive securities issuable upon the assumed vesting/exercise of restricted stock units and stock options and the dilutive effect of forward sale equity contracts under the treasury stock method.

Core Net Operating Income

Core NOI, which we also present separately for our Same-Home portfolio, is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure that we define as core revenues, which is calculated as rents and other single-family property revenues, excluding expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs, less core property operating expenses, which is calculated as property operating and property management expenses, excluding noncash share-based compensation expense and expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs.

Core NOI also excludes (1) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt, (2) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, (3) gains and losses from sales or impairments of single-family properties and other, (4) depreciation and amortization, (5) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (6) noncash share-based compensation expense, (7) interest expense, (8) general and administrative expense, and (9) other income and expense, net. We believe Core NOI provides useful information to investors about the operating performance of our single-family properties without the impact of certain operating expenses that are reimbursed through tenant charge-backs.

Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI should be considered only as supplements to net income or loss as a measure of our performance and should not be used as measures of our liquidity, nor are they indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions. Additionally, these metrics should not be used as substitutes for net income or loss or net cash flows from operating activities (as computed in accordance with GAAP).

The following are reconciliations of core revenues, Same-Home core revenues, core property operating expenses, Same-Home core property operating expenses, Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI to their respective GAAP metrics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


For the Three Months Ended
September 30,


For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,


2022


2021


2022


2021


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)


(Unaudited)

Core revenues and Same-Home core revenues








Rents and other single-family property revenues

$ 391,627


$ 339,563


$ 1,109,608


$ 965,790

Tenant charge-backs

(62,014)


(52,723)


(157,423)


(136,532)

Core revenues

329,613


286,840


952,185


829,258

Less: Non-Same-Home core revenues

58,081


35,743


153,598


95,815

Same-Home core revenues

$ 271,532


$ 251,097


$ 798,587


$ 733,443


Core property operating expenses and Same-Home core property operating expenses





Property operating expenses

$ 152,065


$ 134,694


$ 414,978


$ 369,966

Property management expenses

29,739


24,562


84,541


70,677

Noncash share-based compensation - property management

(1,015)


(680)


(3,146)


(2,278)

Expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs

(62,014)


(52,723)


(157,423)


(136,532)

Core property operating expenses

118,775


105,853


338,950


301,833

Less: Non-Same-Home core property operating expenses

22,399


15,037


61,602


41,201

Same-Home core property operating expenses

$ 96,376


$ 90,816


$ 277,348


$ 260,632


Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI





Net income

$ 61,665


$ 48,501


$ 206,234


$ 149,236

Hurricane-related charges, net

6,133



6,133


Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net

(24,197)


(9,572)


(79,052)


(36,401)

Depreciation and amortization

109,319


94,494


313,688


275,682

Acquisition and other transaction costs

4,482


3,279


18,114


11,093

Noncash share-based compensation - property management

1,015


680


3,146


2,278

Interest expense

36,254


31,097


98,622


86,630

General and administrative expense

16,986


12,647


53,115


40,645

Other income and expense, net

(819)


(139)


(6,765)


(1,738)

Core NOI

210,838


180,987


613,235


527,425

Less: Non-Same-Home Core NOI

35,682


20,706


91,996


54,614

Same-Home Core NOI

$ 175,156


$ 160,281


$ 521,239


$ 472,811

Contact:
American Homes 4 Rent
Investor Relations
Phone: (855) 794-2447
Email: investors@ah4r.com

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SOURCE American Homes 4 Rent

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