Head-to-head observational analysis showed XARELTO® as effective in treating cancer-associated thromboembolism (CAT) as apixaban
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second-leading cause of death in patients with cancer1
TITUSVILLE, N.J., Dec. 9, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced observational data from eight years of clinical practice showing that the oral Factor Xa inhibitor XARELTO® (rivaroxaban) is associated with comparable effectiveness and safety to the Factor Xa inhibitor apixaban for the treatment of cancer-associated thromboembolism (CAT) in a broad cohort of patients with various cancer types. Patients with CAT are at a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is the second-leading cause of death in people with cancer.1
Data from the Observational Study in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis for Rivaroxaban (OSCAR) found XARELTO® showed non-inferiority for the composite outcome of recurrent VTE or any bleeding resulting in hospitalization for treatment of patients with CAT. Janssen and its development partner Bayer will feature results in an oral presentation on Sunday, December 11, 2022, at 1:15 p.m. CT at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 64th Annual Meeting and Exposition. The study further adds to the robust real-world evidence for XARELTO®, with over 300,000 patients having been evaluated in published real-world research since its initial approval in the U.S. in 2011.
"The OSCAR study provides robust, real-world evidence in patients with CAT and builds upon previous XARELTO® safety and efficacy data observed in both clinical practice and in randomized clinical trials. The data show XARELTO® can be an effective option for these patients who are at an increased risk of potentially life-threatening blood clots," said Craig I. Coleman, PharmD, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.*
VTE occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein, affecting between 300,000 to 600,000 Americans each year, commonly triggered by surgery, cancer, immobilization and hospitalization.2 VTE is a common cause of morbidity and mortality3, and people with cancer are at a higher risk for developing VTE than people without cancer.4 In fact, cancer is known to increase the risk of VTE, with cancer patients having a four to seven times increased risk of developing VTE.5 These patients also have a higher risk of recurrent VTE and of bleeding.4,5
Previous studies such as SELECT-D and CONKO-11 demonstrated that changing from a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to XARELTO® was associated with a reduction in risk of recurrent thrombosis and improved patient satisfaction.6,7
"For more than a decade, XARELTO® has been a leading DOAC, providing an important treatment option for those who prefer an oral alternative over treatment with low molecular weight heparin by injection," added Avery Ince, Vice President, Medical Affairs, Cardiovascular & Metabolism at Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. "This retrospective study reasserts the broad clinical utility of XARELTO® and the benefit of oral therapy for these patients."
The OSCAR Study
This observational study used U.S. Optum De-Identified electronic health data from January 2013 to December 2020. A cohort of 2,437 patients 18 years of age and older with CAT for whom DOACs are endorsed by guidelines as alternatives to low molecular weight heparin was included. Patients with active cancer, excluding esophageal, gastric, unresected colorectal, bladder, leukemia or central nervous system cancers (except brain cancer, which was included), were enrolled in the study after experiencing a hospital, emergency department or observation unit admission for VTE or pulmonary embolism (PE) event.
The retrospective eight-year study assessed the time to first composite event of recurrent VTE or any bleeding resulting in hospitalization at a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Other outcomes assessed included the composite of recurrent VTE or any critical organ bleeding, recurrent VTE, any bleeding resulting in hospitalization, and any critical organ bleeding at 3 and 6 months.
Key OSCAR Findings
At 3 and 6 months, XARELTO® was as effective and safe as apixaban in the composite outcome of recurrent VTE or bleeding-related hospitalization. At 3 months, patients receiving XARELTO® had a numerically lower rate of the primary endpoint (5.3% versus 6.0%; HR=0.87, 95% CI 0.60–1.27). No significant differences were observed between groups for this outcome at 6 months or for other outcomes at 3 or 6 months.
About XARELTO® (rivaroxaban)
XARELTO® is a prescription medicine used to:
- reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in adults who have a medical condition called atrial fibrillation that is not caused by a heart valve problem. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body
- treat blood clots in the veins of your legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT) or lungs (pulmonary embolism or PE)
- reduce the risk of blood clots from happening again in adults who continue to be at risk for DVT or PE after receiving treatment for blood clots for at least 6 months
- help prevent a blood clot in the legs and lungs of adults who have just had hip or knee replacement surgery
- help prevent blood clots in certain adults hospitalized for an acute illness and after discharge, who are at risk of getting blood clots because of the loss of or decreased ability to move around (mobility) and other risks for getting blood clots, and who do not have a high risk of bleeding
XARELTO® is used with low dose aspirin to:
- reduce the risk of serious heart problems, heart attack and stroke in adults with coronary artery disease (a condition where the blood supply to the heart is reduced or blocked)
- reduce the risk of a sudden decrease in blood flow to the legs, major amputation, serious heart problems or stroke in adults with peripheral artery disease (a condition where the blood flow to the legs is reduced) and includes adults who have recently had a procedure to improve blood flow to the legs
XARELTO® is used in children to:
- treat blood clots or reduce the risk of blood clots from happening again in children from birth to less than 18 years, after receiving at least 5 days of treatment with injectable or intravenous medicines used to treat blood clots
- help prevent blood clots in children 2 years and older with congenital heart disease after the Fontan procedure
XARELTO® was not studied and is not recommended in children less than 6 months of age who:
- were less than 37 weeks of growth (gestation) at birth
- had less than 10 days of oral feeding, or
- had a body weight of less than 5.7 pounds (2.6 kg)
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INFORMATION I SHOULD KNOW ABOUT XARELTO®?
XARELTO® may cause serious side effects, including:
- Increased risk of blood clots if you stop taking XARELTO®. People with atrial fibrillation (an irregular heart beat) that is not caused by a heart valve problem (nonvalvular) are at an increased risk of forming a blood clot in the heart, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body. XARELTO® lowers your chance of having a stroke by helping to prevent clots from forming. If you stop taking XARELTO®, you may have increased risk of forming a clot in your blood.
Do not stop taking XARELTO® without talking to the doctor who prescribes it for you. Stopping XARELTO® increases your risk of having a stroke. If you have to stop taking XARELTO®, your doctor may prescribe another blood thinner medicine to prevent a blood clot from forming.
- Increased risk of bleeding. XARELTO® can cause bleeding which can be serious and may lead to death. This is because XARELTO® is a blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) that lowers blood clotting. During treatment with XARELTO® you are likely to bruise more easily, and it may take longer for bleeding to stop. You may be at higher risk of bleeding if you take XARELTO® and have certain other medical problems.
You may have a higher risk of bleeding if you take XARELTO® and take other medicines that increase your risk of bleeding, including:
- Aspirin or aspirin-containing products
- Long-term (chronic) use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Warfarin sodium (Coumadin®, Jantoven®)
- Any medicine that contains heparin
- Clopidogrel (Plavix®)
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Other medicines to prevent or treat blood clots
Tell your doctor if you take any of these medicines. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.
Call your doctor or get medical help right away if you or your child develop any of these signs or symptoms of bleeding:
- Unexpected bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time, such as:
- Nosebleeds that happen often
- Unusual bleeding from gums
- Menstrual bleeding that is heavier than normal, or vaginal bleeding
- Bleeding that is severe or you cannot control
- Red, pink, or brown urine
- Bright red or black stools (looks like tar)
- Cough up blood or blood clots
- Vomit blood or your vomit looks like "coffee grounds"
- Headaches, feeling dizzy or weak
- Pain, swelling, or new drainage at wound sites
- Spinal or epidural blood clots (hematoma). People who take a blood thinner medicine (anticoagulant) like XARELTO®, and have medicine injected into their spinal and epidural area, or have a spinal puncture, have a risk of forming a blood clot that can cause long-term or permanent loss of the ability to move (paralysis). Your risk of developing a spinal or epidural blood clot is higher if:
- A thin tube called an epidural catheter is placed in your back to give you certain medicine
- You take NSAIDs or a medicine to prevent blood from clotting
- You have a history of difficult or repeated epidural or spinal punctures
- You have a history of problems with your spine or have had surgery on your spine
If you take XARELTO® and receive spinal anesthesia or have a spinal puncture, your doctor should watch you closely for symptoms of spinal or epidural blood clots.
Tell your doctor right away if you have:
- back pain
- tingling
- numbness
- muscle weakness (especially in your legs and feet)
- or loss of control of the bowels or bladder (incontinence)
XARELTO® is not for use in people with artificial heart valves.
XARELTO® is not for use in people with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), especially with positive triple antibody testing.
Do not take XARELTO® if you or your child:
- Currently have certain types of abnormal bleeding. Talk to your doctor before taking XARELTO® if you currently have unusual bleeding.
- Are allergic to rivaroxaban or any of the ingredients of XARELTO®.
Before taking XARELTO®, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions, including if you or your child:
- Have ever had bleeding problems
- Have liver or kidney problems
- Have antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
- Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if XARELTO® will harm your unborn baby.
- Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant during treatment with XARELTO®. Taking XARELTO® while you are pregnant may increase the risk of bleeding in you or in your unborn baby.
- Females who are able to become pregnant: Talk with your doctor about pregnancy planning during treatment with XARELTO®. Talk with your doctor about your risk for severe uterine bleeding if you are treated with blood thinner medicines, including XARELTO®.
- If you take XARELTO® during pregnancy, tell your doctor right away if you have any signs or symptoms of bleeding or blood loss. See "What is the most important information I should know about XARELTO®?" for signs and symptoms of bleeding.
- Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. XARELTO® may pass into your breast milk. Talk to your doctor about the best way to feed your baby during treatment with XARELTO®.
Tell all of your doctors and dentists that you or your child are taking XARELTO®. They should talk to the doctor who prescribed XARELTO® for you before you have any surgery, medical or dental procedure.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you or your child take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Some of your other medicines may affect the way XARELTO® works, causing side effects. Certain medicines may increase your risk of bleeding. See "What is the most important information I should know about XARELTO®?"
HOW SHOULD I TAKE XARELTO®?
- Take XARELTO® exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not change your dose or stop taking XARELTO® unless your doctor tells you to. Your doctor may change your dose if needed.
- Your doctor will decide how long you should take XARELTO®.
- XARELTO® may need to be stopped for one or more days before any surgery or medical or dental procedure. Your doctor will tell you when to stop taking XARELTO® and when to start taking XARELTO® again after your surgery or procedure.
- If you need to stop taking XARELTO® for any reason, talk to the doctor who prescribed XARELTO® to you to find out when you should stop taking it. Do not stop taking XARELTO® without first talking to the doctor who prescribes it to you.
- If you have difficulty swallowing XARELTO® tablets whole, talk to your doctor about other ways to take XARELTO®.
- Do not run out of XARELTO®. Refill your prescription of XARELTO® before you run out. When leaving the hospital following a hip or knee replacement, be sure that you will have XARELTO® available to avoid missing any doses.
- If you take too much XARELTO®, go to the nearest hospital emergency room or call your doctor right away.
If you take XARELTO® for:
- Atrial Fibrillation that is not caused by a heart valve problem:
- Take XARELTO® 1 time a day with your evening meal.
- If you miss a dose of XARELTO®, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- Blood clots in the veins of your legs or lungs:
- If you take the 15-mg dose of XARELTO® 2 times a day (a total of 30 mg of XARELTO® in 1 day): Take XARELTO® as soon as you remember on the same day. You may take 2 doses at the same time to make up for the missed dose. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- If you take XARELTO® 1 time a day: Take XARELTO® as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- Take XARELTO® 1 or 2 times a day as prescribed by your doctor.
- For the 10-mg dose, XARELTO® may be taken with or without food.
- For the 15-mg and 20-mg doses, take XARELTO® with food at the same time each day.
- If you miss a dose:
- Hip or knee replacement surgery:
- Take XARELTO® 1 time a day with or without food.
- If you miss a dose of XARELTO®, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- Blood clots in people hospitalized for an acute illness:
- Take XARELTO® 1 time a day, with or without food, while you are in the hospital and after you are discharged as prescribed by your doctor.
- If you miss a dose of XARELTO®, take it as soon as you remember on the same day. Take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- Reducing the risk of serious heart problems, heart attack and stroke in coronary artery disease:
- Take XARELTO® 2.5 mg 2 times a day with or without food.
- If you miss a dose of XARELTO®, take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- Take aspirin 75 to 100 mg once daily as instructed by your doctor.
- Reducing the risk of a sudden decrease in blood flow to the legs, major amputation, serious heart problems or stroke in people with peripheral artery disease, including those who have recently had a procedure to improve blood flow to the legs:
- Take XARELTO® 2.5 mg 2 times a day with or without food.
- If you miss a dose of XARELTO®, take your next dose at your regularly scheduled time.
- Take aspirin 75 to 100 mg once daily as instructed by your doctor.
For children who take XARELTO®:
- The dose of XARELTO® depends on your child's body weight and will be calculated by your child's doctor. Your child's doctor will tell you if XARELTO® can be given to your child with or without food.
- The adult caregiver should give the dose.
- If your child is taking the tablet, the tablet should be taken whole and should not be split in an attempt to provide a lower dose of XARELTO®.
- If your child is taking the oral suspension, use the syringes provided in the original carton. The suspension will be prepared by the pharmacy. See the Instructions for Use included in the carton on how to properly give a dose of XARELTO® oral suspension to your child.
- Do not switch between the XARELTO® oral suspension or tablet without first talking to your doctor.
- If your child vomits or spits up:
- right after or within 30 minutes of taking the oral suspension, give a new full dose.
- more than 30 minutes after taking the oral suspension, do not give the dose again. Give the next dose at the regularly scheduled time.
- if vomiting or spitting up persists, contact your child's doctor right away.
- If your child misses a dose:
- If your child is taking XARELTO® 1 time a day, give the dose as soon as you remember on the same day. If this is not possible, skip this dose and give the next dose at the regularly scheduled time.
- If your child is taking XARELTO® 2 times a day, give the missed morning dose as soon as you remember. You may give the missed morning dose together with the evening dose. However, a missed evening dose can only be taken in the same evening.
- If your child is taking XARELTO® 3 times a day, skip the missed dose and give the next dose at the regularly scheduled time.
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF XARELTO®?
XARELTO® may cause serious side effects:
- See "What is the most important information I should know about XARELTO®?"
The most common side effect of XARELTO® in adults was bleeding.
The most common side effects of XARELTO® in children include:
- bleeding
- vomiting
- cough
- inflamed stomach and gut
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., at 1-800-JANSSEN (1-800-526-7736).
Please read full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warnings, and Medication Guide for XARELTO®.
Trademarks are those of their respective owners. Janssen and Bayer together are developing rivaroxaban.
About the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson
At Janssen, we're creating a future where disease is a thing of the past. We're the Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, working tirelessly to make that future a reality for patients everywhere by fighting sickness with science, improving access with ingenuity, and healing hopelessness with heart. We focus on areas of medicine where we can make the biggest difference: Cardiovascular, Metabolism & Retina; Immunology; Infectious Diseases & Vaccines; Neuroscience; Oncology; and Pulmonary Hypertension.
Learn more at www.janssen.com. Follow us at www.twitter.com/JanssenUS and https://twitter.com/JanssenGlobal. Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC is part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.
Cautions Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding product development and the potential benefits and treatment impact of rivaroxaban. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections of Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, any of the other Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies and/or Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: challenges and uncertainties inherent in product research and development, including the uncertainty of clinical success and of obtaining regulatory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success; manufacturing difficulties and delays; competition, including technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges to patents; product efficacy or safety concerns resulting in product recalls or regulatory action; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services; changes to applicable laws and regulations, including global health care reforms; and trends toward health care cost containment. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022, including in the sections captioned "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors," and in Johnson & Johnson's subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these filings are available online at www.sec.gov, www.jnj.com or on request from Johnson & Johnson. None of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies nor Johnson & Johnson undertakes to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information or future events or developments.
REFERENCES
- National Blood Clot Alliance. CANCER AND BLOOD CLOTS – FAST FACTS. Accessed November 20, 2022 from https://www.stoptheclot.org/about-clots/cancer-and-blood-clots/cancer-and-blood-clots-fast-facts/
- American Heart Association. What is Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)? Accessed November 20, 2022 from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism/what-is-venous-thromboembolism-vte
- Beckman, M, Hooper, C, et al. Venous thromboembolism: a public health concern. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 38. 2010 Apr;38(4 Suppl):S495-501. Doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.017
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Blood Clots and Cancer. Accessed November 17, 2022 from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/cancer.html
- Sandén, P, Svensson, P, et al. Venous thromboembolism and cancer risk. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2017; 43(1): 68–73. Published online 2016 Aug 13. Doi: 10.1007/s11239-016-1411-y
* Dr. Coleman received funding to support the conduct of the OSCAR-US study.
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